World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 6, Number 3, June 2015, pages 349-354

Management and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor and Non-Neuroendocrine Tumor Appendiceal Cancers in the United States

**Table 1.** Descriptive Statistics
Variable	Level	N (%)
NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.
Gender	Male (%)	1,716 (45.27)
Female (%)	2,075 (54.73)
Missing (%)	8
Race	White (%)	2,319 (61.04)
Black (%)	286 (7.53)
Other (%)	1,194 (31.43)
Histology	NET (%)	291 (7.66)
Non-NET (%)	3,508 (92.34)
Metastatic cancer	Not present (%)	2,228 (58.65)
Present (%)	1,571 (41.35)
Type of surgery	Appendectomy	698 (18.37)
Right hemicolectomy	1,356 (35.69)
Multivisceral resection	324 (8.53)
HIPEC (%)	91 (2.4)
Others (%)	483 (12.71)
Unknown (%)	847 (22.29)
Insurance status	Insured (%)	3,662 (96.78)
Non-insured (%)	122 (3.22)
Missing (%)	15
Age (years)	Mean (± SD)	56.86 (± 14.64)
Median (range)	57 (12 - 97)
Number of diagnoses	Mean (± SD)	8 (± 5)
Median (range)	8 (1 - 31)
Comorbidity	≥ 1 (%)	1,545 (40.67)
0 (%)	2,254 (59.33)
Location of hospital	Rural (%)	374 (9.85)
Urban (%)	3,425 (90.15)
Home discharge	Home (%)	2,792 (73.49)
Others (%)	1,007 (26.51)
Length of stay	Mean (± SD)	7.56 (± 7)
Median (range)	5 (1 - 109)

Table 1. Descriptive Statistics

Variable

Level

N (%)

NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.

Gender

Male (%)

1,716 (45.27)

Female (%)

2,075 (54.73)

Missing (%)

Race

White (%)

2,319 (61.04)

Black (%)

286 (7.53)

Other (%)

1,194 (31.43)

Histology

NET (%)

291 (7.66)

Non-NET (%)

3,508 (92.34)

Metastatic cancer

Not present (%)

2,228 (58.65)

Present (%)

1,571 (41.35)

Type of surgery

Appendectomy

698 (18.37)

Right hemicolectomy

1,356 (35.69)

Multivisceral resection

324 (8.53)

HIPEC (%)

91 (2.4)

Others (%)

483 (12.71)

Unknown (%)

847 (22.29)

Insurance status

Insured (%)

3,662 (96.78)

Non-insured (%)

122 (3.22)

Missing (%)

Age (years)

Mean (± SD)

56.86 (± 14.64)

Median (range)

57 (12 - 97)

Number of diagnoses

Mean (± SD)

8 (± 5)

Median (range)

8 (1 - 31)

Comorbidity

≥ 1 (%)

1,545 (40.67)

0 (%)

2,254 (59.33)

Location of hospital

Rural (%)

374 (9.85)

Urban (%)

3,425 (90.15)

Home discharge

Home (%)

2,792 (73.49)

Others (%)

1,007 (26.51)

Length of stay

Mean (± SD)

7.56 (± 7)

Median (range)

5 (1 - 109)

**Table 2.** Patient Characteristics and Surgical Intervention in NET and Non-NET Appendiceal Tumors
Covariate	Level	All patients (N = 3,799)	Histology	P-value*
Data are presented as raw number of patients (%) or mean (± SD). *The P-value is calculated by a logistic model for numerical covariates and weighted Chi-square test for categorical covariates. NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.
Age (years)	Mean (± SD)	56.86 (± 14.64)	50.68 (± 18.02)	57.37 (± 14.21)	< 0.001
Gender	Female (%)	2,075 (54.73)	170 (8.19)	1,905 (91.81)	0.172
Male (%)	1,716 (45.27)	118 (6.88)	1,598 (93.12)
Race	Black (%)	286 (9.5)	24 (8.39)	262 (91.61)	0.043
Other (%)	1,194 (31.43)	58 (4.86)	1,136 (95.14)
White (%)	2,319 (76.99)	198 (8.54)	2,121 (91.46)
Type of surgery	Appendectomy (%)	698 (18.37)	91 (13.04)	607 (86.96)	< 0.001
Right hemicolectomy (%)	1,356 (35.69)	130 (9.59)	1,226 (90.41)
Multi-visceral resection (%)	324 (8.53)	27 (8.33)	297 (91.67)
HIPEC (%)	91 (2.4)	1 (1.1)	90 (98.9)
Others (%)	483 (12.71)	16 (3.31)	467 (96.69)
Unknown (%)	847 (22.29)	54 (6.37)	793 (93.62)
Number of diagnoses	Mean (± SD)	8 (± 5)	7 (± 5)	9 (± 5)	0.012
Metastatic cancer	Not present (%)	2,228 (58.65)	223 (10.01)	2,005 (89.99)	< 0.001
Present (%)	1,571 (41.35)	68 (4.33)	1,503 (95.67)
Relative Risk		0.51 (0.39 - 0.68) P < 0.001	1 (Ref)

Table 2. Patient Characteristics and Surgical Intervention in NET and Non-NET Appendiceal Tumors

Covariate

Level

All patients (N = 3,799)

Histology

P-value*

NET (N = 291)

Non-NET (N = 3,508)

Data are presented as raw number of patients (%) or mean (± SD). *The P-value is calculated by a logistic model for numerical covariates and weighted Chi-square test for categorical covariates. NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.

Age (years)

Mean (± SD)

56.86 (± 14.64)

50.68 (± 18.02)

57.37 (± 14.21)

< 0.001

Gender

Female (%)

2,075 (54.73)

170 (8.19)

1,905 (91.81)

0.172

Male (%)

1,716 (45.27)

118 (6.88)

1,598 (93.12)

Race

Black (%)

286 (9.5)

24 (8.39)

262 (91.61)

0.043

Other (%)

1,194 (31.43)

58 (4.86)

1,136 (95.14)

White (%)

2,319 (76.99)

198 (8.54)

2,121 (91.46)

Type of surgery

Appendectomy (%)

698 (18.37)

91 (13.04)

607 (86.96)

< 0.001

Right hemicolectomy (%)

1,356 (35.69)

130 (9.59)

1,226 (90.41)

Multi-visceral resection (%)

324 (8.53)

27 (8.33)

297 (91.67)

HIPEC (%)

91 (2.4)

1 (1.1)

90 (98.9)

Others (%)

483 (12.71)

16 (3.31)

467 (96.69)

Unknown (%)

847 (22.29)

54 (6.37)

793 (93.62)

Number of diagnoses

Mean (± SD)

8 (± 5)

7 (± 5)

9 (± 5)

0.012

Metastatic cancer

Not present (%)

2,228 (58.65)

223 (10.01)

2,005 (89.99)

< 0.001

Present (%)

1,571 (41.35)

68 (4.33)

1,503 (95.67)

Relative Risk

0.51 (0.39 - 0.68)
P < 0.001

1 (Ref)

**Table 3.** Association of Patient and Facility Characteristics With Choice of Surgical Management
Covariate	Level	Type of surgery
Data are presented as raw number of patients (%) or median (range). NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.
Age (years)	Median (range)	56.5 (12 - 96)	57 (12 - 97)	0.147
Gender	Male (%)	265 (15.55)	1,451 (84.45)	< 0.001
Female (%)	433 (20.85)	1,643 (79.15)
Race	White (%)	437 (18.97)	1,882 (81.03)	0.871
Black (%)	52 (17.91)	234 (82.09)
Other (%)	209 (18.08)	985 (81.92)
Histology	NET (%)	91 (30.96)	200 (69.04)	< 0.001
Non-NET (%)	607 (17.38)	2,901 (82.62)
Metastatic cancer	Present (%)	192 (12.39)	1,379 (87.61)	< 0.001
Not present (%)	506 (22.73)	1,722 (77.27)
Any comorbidity	≥ 1 (%)	343 (22.28)	1,202 (77.72)	< 0.001
0 (%)	355 (15.8)	1,899 (84.2)
Location of hospital	Rural (%)	89 (23.53)	285 (76.47)	0.027
Urban (%)	609 (17.96)	2,816 (82.04)
Number of diagnoses	Median (range)	7 (1 - 30)	8 (1 - 31)	< 0.001
In-hospital mortality	Died, N = 96 (%)	6 (6.25)	90 (93.75)	< 0.001
Did not die, N = 3,703 (%)	692 (18.68)	3,011 (81.32)
Disposition	Home, N = 2,792 (%)	548 (19.63)	2,244 (80.37)	< 0.001
Others, N = 1,007 (%)	92 (9.14)	915 (90.86)

Table 3. Association of Patient and Facility Characteristics With Choice of Surgical Management

Covariate

Level

Type of surgery

Appendectomy (N = 698)

Non-appendectomy procedures including HIPEC (N = 3,101)

P-value

Data are presented as raw number of patients (%) or median (range). NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.

Age (years)

Median (range)

56.5 (12 - 96)

57 (12 - 97)

0.147

Gender

Male (%)

265 (15.55)

1,451 (84.45)

< 0.001

Female (%)

433 (20.85)

1,643 (79.15)

Race

White (%)

437 (18.97)

1,882 (81.03)

0.871

Black (%)

52 (17.91)

234 (82.09)

Other (%)

209 (18.08)

985 (81.92)

Histology

NET (%)

91 (30.96)

200 (69.04)

< 0.001

Non-NET (%)

607 (17.38)

2,901 (82.62)

Metastatic cancer

Present (%)

192 (12.39)

1,379 (87.61)

< 0.001

Not present (%)

506 (22.73)

1,722 (77.27)

Any comorbidity

≥ 1 (%)

343 (22.28)

1,202 (77.72)

< 0.001

0 (%)

355 (15.8)

1,899 (84.2)

Location of hospital

Rural (%)

89 (23.53)

285 (76.47)

0.027

Urban (%)

609 (17.96)

2,816 (82.04)

Number of diagnoses

Median (range)

7 (1 - 30)

8 (1 - 31)

< 0.001

In-hospital mortality

Died, N = 96 (%)

6 (6.25)

90 (93.75)

< 0.001

Did not die, N = 3,703 (%)

692 (18.68)

3,011 (81.32)

Disposition

Home, N = 2,792 (%)

548 (19.63)

2,244 (80.37)

< 0.001

Others, N = 1,007 (%)

92 (9.14)

915 (90.86)

**Table 4.** Variables Identified Through Predictor Modeling to Have Significant Association With Choice of Appendectomy
Covariate	Level	Type of surgery appendectomy
NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.
Histology	NET	1.59 (1.23 - 2.07)	< 0.001
Non-NET	-	-
Gender	Male	0.65 (0.55 - 0.77)	< 0.001
Female	-	-
Metastatic cancer	Present	0.64 (0.54 - 0.76)	< 0.001
Not present	-	-
Number of diagnoses		0.98 (0.97 - 1.00)	0.060

Table 4. Variables Identified Through Predictor Modeling to Have Significant Association With Choice of Appendectomy

Covariate

Level

Type of surgery appendectomy

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P-value

NET: neuroendocrine tumor; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; SD: standard deviation.

Histology

NET

1.59 (1.23 - 2.07)

< 0.001

Non-NET

Gender

Male

0.65 (0.55 - 0.77)

< 0.001

Female

Metastatic cancer

Present

0.64 (0.54 - 0.76)

< 0.001

Not present

Number of diagnoses

0.98 (0.97 - 1.00)

0.060