World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 6, Number 5, October 2015, pages 446-455

Utility of SOX2 and Livin Co-Expression in the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer With Bilharzial and Non-Bilharzial Bladder Status

Figure 1. Representative immunohistochemical staining of SOX2 in human bladder cancer. (A) SOX2 showed negative/low expression in non-neoplastic bladder tissue. (B) High expression in high grade TCC. (C) Low expression in non-muscle invasive TCC. (D) High expression in muscle invasive TCC. (E) High expression in SCC (× 400; counterstained with hematoxylin).

Figure 2. Representative immunohistochemical staining of livin in human bladder cancer. (A) Livin showed negative expression in non neoplastic bladder tissue. (B) Low expression in low grade TCC. (C) High expression in high grade TCC. (D) Low expression in SCC grade I. (E) High expression in SCC grade II (× 400; counterstained with hematoxylin).

Figure 3. An analysis of overall-free survival in patients with bladder cancer by the Kaplan-Meier method. (A) According to SOX2 low/high expression in TCC patients (P < 0.001). (B) Low/high livin expression in TCC patients (P = 0.025). (C) SOX2 low/high expression in SCC patients (P = 0.041). (D) Low/high livin expression in SCC patients (P = 0.021).

**Table 1.** Patients’ Clinicopathological Features
Clinicopathological features	TCC (n = 82/117) (70.1%)	SCC (n = 35/117) (29.9%)	P-value
P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.
Age
≤ 50 years	12 (14.6)	14 (40)	0.003
> 50 years	70 (85.4)	21 (60)
Gender
Male	71 (86.6)	30 (85.7)	0.604
Female	11(13.4)	5 (14.3)
Schistosomal status
Negative	43 (52.4)	11 (31.4)	0.029
Positive	39 (47.6)	24 (68.6)
Grade
	Low	49 (59.8)	GI	12 (34.3)	< 0.001
	High	33 (40.2)	GII	16 (25.7)
			GIII	7 (20)
T stage
Ta	11 (13.4)	0 (0)	0.001
T1	19 (23.2)	7 (20)
T2	29 (35.4)	19 (54.7)
T3	23 (28)	9 (25.7)

Table 1. Patients’ Clinicopathological Features

Clinicopathological features

TCC (n = 82/117) (70.1%)

SCC (n = 35/117) (29.9%)

P-value

P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.

Age

≤ 50 years

12 (14.6)

14 (40)

0.003

> 50 years

70 (85.4)

21 (60)

Gender

Male

71 (86.6)

30 (85.7)

0.604

Female

11(13.4)

5 (14.3)

Schistosomal status

Negative

43 (52.4)

11 (31.4)

0.029

Positive

39 (47.6)

24 (68.6)

Grade

Low

49 (59.8)

12 (34.3)

< 0.001

High

33 (40.2)

GII

16 (25.7)

GIII

7 (20)

T stage

11 (13.4)

0 (0)

0.001

19 (23.2)

7 (20)

29 (35.4)

19 (54.7)

23 (28)

9 (25.7)

**Table 2.** Relation of SOX2 and Livin Expressions With Clinicopathological Features of Bladder TCC (82 Cases)
Clinicopathological features	SOX2	Livin
Test of significance: Chi-square test. P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. TCC: transitional cell carcinoma.
Age
≤ 50 years	6 (50)	6 (50)	0.476	7 (58.3)	5 (41.7)	0.104
> 50 years	31 (44.3)	39 (55.7)	14 (34.3)	46 (65.7)
Gender
Male	34 (47.9)	37 (52.1)	0.171	26 (37.1)	44 (62.9)	0.502
Female	3 (27.3)	8 (72.7)	5 (41.7)	7 (58.3)
Bilharzial status
Negative	18 (41.9)	25 (58.1)	0.344	15 (34.9)	28 (65.1)	0.365
Positive	19 (48.7)	20 (51.3)	16 (41)	23 (59)
Grade
Low	28 (57.1)	21 (42.9)	0.007	23 (46.9)	26 (53.1)	0.031
High	9 (27.3)	24 (72.7)	8 (24.2)	25 (75.8)
Pathological stage
Ta	9 (81.8)	2 (18.2)	0.037	9 (81.8)	2 (18.2)	0.133
T1	13 (68.4)	6 (31.6)	11 (57.9)	8 (42.1)
T2	14 (48.3)	15 (51.7)	11 (37.9)	18 (62.1)
T3	8 (34.8)	15 (65.2)	7 (30.4)	16 (69.6)

Table 2. Relation of SOX2 and Livin Expressions With Clinicopathological Features of Bladder TCC (82 Cases)

Clinicopathological features

SOX2

Livin

Low (%)

High (%)

P-value

Low (%)

High (%)

P-value

Test of significance: Chi-square test. P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. TCC: transitional cell carcinoma.

Age

≤ 50 years

6 (50)

0.476

7 (58.3)

5 (41.7)

0.104

> 50 years

31 (44.3)

39 (55.7)

14 (34.3)

46 (65.7)

Gender

Male

34 (47.9)

37 (52.1)

0.171

26 (37.1)

44 (62.9)

0.502

Female

3 (27.3)

8 (72.7)

5 (41.7)

7 (58.3)

Bilharzial status

Negative

18 (41.9)

25 (58.1)

0.344

15 (34.9)

28 (65.1)

0.365

Positive

19 (48.7)

20 (51.3)

16 (41)

23 (59)

Grade

Low

28 (57.1)

21 (42.9)

0.007

23 (46.9)

26 (53.1)

0.031

High

9 (27.3)

24 (72.7)

8 (24.2)

25 (75.8)

Pathological stage

9 (81.8)

2 (18.2)

0.037

9 (81.8)

2 (18.2)

0.133

13 (68.4)

6 (31.6)

11 (57.9)

8 (42.1)

14 (48.3)

15 (51.7)

11 (37.9)

18 (62.1)

8 (34.8)

15 (65.2)

7 (30.4)

16 (69.6)

**Table 3.** Relation of SOX2 and Livin Expressions With Clinicopathological Features of Bladder SCC (35 Cases)
Clinicopathological features	SOX2	Livin
Test of significance: Chi-square test. P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.
Age
≤ 50 years	5 (35.7)	9 (64.3)	0.583	6 (42.9)	8 (57.1)	0.206
> 50 years	7 (33.3)	14 (66.7)	5 (23.8)	16 (76.2)
Gender
Male	11 (36.7)	19 (63.7)	0.431	8 (26.7)	22 (73.3)	0.166
Female	1 (20)	4 (80)	3 (60)	2 (20)
Bilharzial status
Negative	3 (27.3)	8 (72.7)	0.424	1 (9.1)	10 (90.9)	0.058
Positive	9 (37.5)	15 (62.5)	10 (41.7)	14 (58.3)
Grade
GI	8 (66.7)	4 (33.3)	0.014	8 (66.7)	4 (33.3)	0.005
GII	3 (18.8)	13 (81.2)	2 (12.5)	14 (87.5)
GIII	1 (14.3)	6 (85.7)	1 (14.3)	6 (85.7)
Pathological stage
Ta	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.555	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.144
T1	3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)	4 (47.1)	3 (42.9)
T2	5 (26.3)	14 (73.7)	6 (31.6)	13 (68.4)
T3	4 (44.4)	5 (55.6)	1 (11.1)	8 (88.9)

Table 3. Relation of SOX2 and Livin Expressions With Clinicopathological Features of Bladder SCC (35 Cases)

Clinicopathological features

SOX2

Livin

Low (%)

High (%)

P-value

Low (%)

High (%)

P-value

Test of significance: Chi-square test. P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.

Age

≤ 50 years

5 (35.7)

9 (64.3)

0.583

6 (42.9)

8 (57.1)

0.206

> 50 years

7 (33.3)

14 (66.7)

5 (23.8)

16 (76.2)

Gender

Male

11 (36.7)

19 (63.7)

0.431

8 (26.7)

22 (73.3)

0.166

Female

1 (20)

4 (80)

3 (60)

2 (20)

Bilharzial status

Negative

3 (27.3)

8 (72.7)

0.424

1 (9.1)

10 (90.9)

0.058

Positive

9 (37.5)

15 (62.5)

10 (41.7)

14 (58.3)

Grade

8 (66.7)

4 (33.3)

0.014

8 (66.7)

4 (33.3)

0.005

GII

3 (18.8)

13 (81.2)

2 (12.5)

14 (87.5)

GIII

1 (14.3)

6 (85.7)

1 (14.3)

6 (85.7)

Pathological stage

0 (0)

0.555

0 (0)

0.144

3 (42.9)

4 (57.1)

4 (47.1)

3 (42.9)

5 (26.3)

14 (73.7)

6 (31.6)

13 (68.4)

4 (44.4)

5 (55.6)

1 (11.1)

8 (88.9)