World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 1, February 2019, pages 46-54

Association of p53 Gene Mutation With Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastric Cancer Patients and Its Correlation With Clinicopathological and Environmental Factors

**Table 1.** Factors Related to *p53* Mutation
Factors	Positive	Percentage	Negative	Percentage	Total	P value
Smoking
Smoker	33	75.0%	11	25%	44	0.436
Non smoker	19	70.4%	8	29.6%	27
Age group
≤ 40 yrs	17	94.4%	1	5.6%	18	0.015
≥ 41 yrs	35	66%	18	34%	43
Location of the tumor
Fundus	7	77.8%	2	22.2%	9	0.790
Body	20	69%	9	31%	29
Antrum	25	75.8%	8	24.2%	33
Extra salt intake
Yes	41	80.39	10	19.60	51	0.033
No	11	55	9	45	20
Morphology of the tumor
Ulcerative	7	77.8	2	22.2%	9	0.939
Proliferative	23	71.9%	9	28.1%	32
Ulceroproliferative	22	73.3%	8	26.7%	30
Tumor (T)
T1 - T3	42	79.2%	11	20.8%	53	0.05
T4	10	55.6%	8	44.4%	18
Lymph node status (N)
N0	26	83.9%	5	16.1%	31	0.05
N1 - N3	26	65.0%	14	35.0%	40
Metastasis (M)
M0	47	73.4%	17	26.6%	64	.218
M1	5	83.3%	1	16.7%	6
Gender
Male	37	77.1%	11	22.9%	48	0.219
Female	15	65.2%	8	34.8%	23
H. pylori
Positive	41	78.8 %	10	19.2%	51	0.043
Negative	11	21.15	9	17.3%	20
Grading
Well differentiated	3	5.76	0		3	0.247
Moderately differentiated	20	38.46	11	21.15	31
Poorly differentiated	29	55.76	8	15.38	37

Table 1. Factors Related to p53 Mutation

Factors

Positive

Percentage

Negative

Percentage

Total

P value

Smoking

Smoker

75.0%

25%

0.436

Non smoker

70.4%

29.6%

Age group

≤ 40 yrs

94.4%

5.6%

0.015

≥ 41 yrs

66%

34%

Location of the tumor

Fundus

77.8%

22.2%

0.790

Body

69%

31%

Antrum

75.8%

24.2%

Extra salt intake

Yes

80.39

19.60

0.033

Morphology of the tumor

Ulcerative

77.8

22.2%

0.939

Proliferative

71.9%

28.1%

Ulceroproliferative

73.3%

26.7%

Tumor (T)

T1 - T3

79.2%

20.8%

0.05

55.6%

44.4%

Lymph node status (N)

83.9%

16.1%

0.05

N1 - N3

65.0%

35.0%

Metastasis (M)

73.4%

26.6%

.218

83.3%

16.7%

Gender

Male

77.1%

22.9%

0.219

Female

65.2%

34.8%

H. pylori

Positive

78.8 %

19.2%

0.043

Negative

21.15

17.3%

Grading

Well differentiated

5.76

0.247

Moderately differentiated

38.46

21.15

Poorly differentiated

55.76

15.38

**Table 2.** Logistic Regression Analysis of *H. pylori* and *p53* Mutation (Dependent Variable: *p53*, Sample Size = 71)
Model summary
^aEstimation terminated at iteration number 6 because parameter estimates changed by less than 0.001.
1	55.798^a	0.313	0.456

Table 2. Logistic Regression Analysis of H. pylori and p53 Mutation (Dependent Variable: p53, Sample Size = 71)

Model summary

Step

-2 Log likelihood

Cox & Snell R Square

Nagelkerke R Square

^aEstimation terminated at iteration number 6 because parameter estimates changed by less than 0.001.

55.798^a

0.313

0.456

**Table 3.** Variables in the Equation
	Coefficient	SE	Wald	DF	Sig	Exp(B)
SE: standard error; DF: degree of freedom; Sig: significance level; Exp (B): exponentiation of the B coefficient, which is an odds ratio.
Smoking	-0.235	0.883	0.071	1	0.790	0.790
Location	-0.210	0.508	0.171	1	0.679	0.810
Extra salt	1.149	0.845	1.848	1	0.174	3.155
Morphology	-0.257	0.526	0.238	1	0.625	0.773
Stage T	1.822	0.863	4.454	1	0.035	6.184
Stage N	1.150	0.872	1.738	1	0.187	3.159
Stage M	-0.610	1.663	0.135	1	0.714	0.543
Sex	0.616	0.807	0.583	1	0.445	1.851
H. pylori	2.060	0.775	7.062	1	0.008	7.848
Grading	-0.837	0.609	1.890	1	0.169	0.433
Age group	2.693	1.330	4.103	1	0.043	14.780
Constant	-11.258	4.223	7.107	1	0.008	0.000

Table 3. Variables in the Equation

Coefficient

Wald

Sig

Exp(B)

SE: standard error; DF: degree of freedom; Sig: significance level; Exp (B): exponentiation of the B coefficient, which is an odds ratio.

Smoking

-0.235

0.883

0.071

0.790

Location

-0.210

0.508

0.171

0.679

0.810

Extra salt

1.149

0.845

1.848

0.174

3.155

Morphology

-0.257

0.526

0.238

0.625

0.773

Stage T

1.822

0.863

4.454

0.035

6.184

Stage N

1.150

0.872

1.738

0.187

3.159

Stage M

-0.610

1.663

0.135

0.714

0.543

Sex

0.616

0.807

0.583

0.445

1.851

H. pylori

2.060

0.775

7.062

0.008

7.848

Grading

-0.837

0.609

1.890

0.169

0.433

Age group

2.693

1.330

4.103

0.043

14.780

Constant

-11.258

4.223

7.107

0.008

0.000

**Table 4.** Contribution of Each Independent Variable to the Model and Its Statistical Significance
	B	SE	Wald	DF	Sig	Exp (B)	95% CI for Exp (B)
^aVariable (s) entered on step 1: smoking, location, extra salt, morphology, stage T, stage N, stage M, sex, H. pylori, grading, and age. SE: standard error; DF: degree of freedom; Sig: significance level; Exp (B): exponentiation of the B coefficient, which is an odds ratio.
Step 1^a
Smoking (1)	0.331	1.066	0.096	1	0.756	1.392	0.172	11.248
Location			3.610	2	0.164
Location (1)	-0.185	2.100	0.008	1	0.930	0.831	0.014	50.999
Location (2)	2.196	1.191	3.397	1	0.05	8.985	0.870	92.801
Extra salt (1)	-1.596	1.077	2.198	1	0.138	0.203	0.025	1.672
Morphology			4.340	2	0.114
Morphology (1)	1.464	1.443	1.029	1	0.310	4.324	0.256	73.155
Morphology (2)	2.358	1.132	4.340	1	0.037	10.573	1.150	97.220
Stage T (1)	-4.326	1.501	8.307	1	0.004	0.013	0.001	0.250
Stage N (1)	-1.590	1.108	2.058	1	0.151	0.204	0.023	1.790
Stage M			0.000	2	1.000
Stage M (1)	18.106	40192.971	0.000	1	1.000	73013299.578	0.000
Stage M (2)	-0.001	1.730	0.000	1	1.000	0.999	0.034	29.659
Sex (1)	-0.529	0.999	0.280	1	0.597	0.589	0.083	4.177
H. pylori (1)	-2.678	1.062	6.359	1	0.012	0.069	0.009	0.551
Grading			6.980	2	0.031
Grading (1)	-19.315	21121.983	0.000	1	0.999	0.000	0.000
Grading (2)	3.850	1.457	6.980	1	0.008	46.973	2.701	816.839
Age group	-5.221	1.907	7.496	1	0.006	0.005	0.000	0.227
Constant	2.308	1.974	1.367	1	0.242	10.053

Table 4. Contribution of Each Independent Variable to the Model and Its Statistical Significance

Wald

Sig

Exp (B)

95% CI for Exp (B)

Lower

Upper

^aVariable (s) entered on step 1: smoking, location, extra salt, morphology, stage T, stage N, stage M, sex, H. pylori, grading, and age. SE: standard error; DF: degree of freedom; Sig: significance level; Exp (B): exponentiation of the B coefficient, which is an odds ratio.

Step 1^a

Smoking (1)

0.331

1.066

0.096

0.756

1.392

0.172

11.248

Location

3.610

0.164

Location (1)

-0.185

2.100

0.008

0.930

0.831

0.014

50.999

Location (2)

2.196

1.191

3.397

0.05

8.985

0.870

92.801

Extra salt (1)

-1.596

1.077

2.198

0.138

0.203

0.025

1.672

Morphology

4.340

0.114

Morphology (1)

1.464

1.443

1.029

0.310

4.324

0.256

73.155

Morphology (2)

2.358

1.132

4.340

0.037

10.573

1.150

97.220

Stage T (1)

-4.326

1.501

8.307

0.004

0.013

0.001

0.250

Stage N (1)

-1.590

1.108

2.058

0.151

0.204

0.023

1.790

Stage M

0.000

1.000

Stage M (1)

18.106

40192.971

0.000

1.000

73013299.578

0.000

Stage M (2)

-0.001

1.730

0.000

1.000

0.999

0.034

29.659

Sex (1)

-0.529

0.999

0.280

0.597

0.589

0.083

4.177

H. pylori (1)

-2.678

1.062

6.359

0.012

0.069

0.009

0.551

Grading

6.980

0.031

Grading (1)

-19.315

21121.983

0.000

0.999

0.000

Grading (2)

3.850

1.457

6.980

0.008

46.973

2.701

816.839

Age group

-5.221

1.907

7.496

0.006

0.005

0.000

0.227

Constant

2.308

1.974

1.367

0.242

10.053

**Table 5.** Odd Ratio of *p53* Mutation in *H. pylori-*Infected Patients
	H. pylori	Odd ratio	Interpretation
p53 positive	41	11	3.35	People having positive H. pylori have 3.35 times the chance of p53 mutation compared to people having negative H. pylori.

Table 5. Odd Ratio of p53 Mutation in H. pylori-Infected Patients

H. pylori

Odd ratio

Interpretation

Positive

Negative

p53 positive

3.35

People having positive H. pylori have 3.35 times the chance of p53 mutation compared to people having negative H. pylori.