World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.wjon.org

Review

Volume 13, Number 1, February 2022, pages 1-7

Advances in the Treatment of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

**Table 1.** Staging of Salivary Gland Cancers
Stage I	Noninvasive tumors with no spread to lymph nodes and no distant metastasis
Stage II	An invasive tumor with no spread to lymph nodes and no distant metastasis
Stage III	Smaller tumors (< 4 cm) that have spread to regional lymph nodes but no signs of metastasis
Stage IVA	Any invasive tumors with either no lymph node involvement or spread to only a single same-sided lymph node, but no metastasis
Stage IVB	Any cancer, with more extensive spread to lymph nodes but no metastasis
Stage IVC	Any cancer with distant metastasis

Table 1. Staging of Salivary Gland Cancers

Stage I

Noninvasive tumors with no spread to lymph nodes and no distant metastasis

Stage II

An invasive tumor with no spread to lymph nodes and no distant metastasis

Stage III

Smaller tumors (< 4 cm) that have spread to regional lymph nodes but no signs of metastasis

Stage IVA

Any invasive tumors with either no lymph node involvement or spread to only a single same-sided lymph node, but no metastasis

Stage IVB

Any cancer, with more extensive spread to lymph nodes but no metastasis

Stage IVC

Any cancer with distant metastasis

**Table 2.** Various Clinical Trials Conducted in Treating Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland
Author	Regimen	Number of patients	Number of objective responses
VNB: vinorelbine.
Airoldi et al, 2001 [19]	Cisplatin, 80 mg/m² on day 1, plus VNB 25 mg/m², on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks	16	0
Gilbert et al, 2006 [20] (NCT01096407)	Paclitaxel 200 mg/m² every 3 weeks	50	3
Locati et al, 2016 [23] (NCT01703455)	Sorafenib 400 mg orally every 12 h continuously in 4-week cycle	37	2
Kim et al, 2017 [24] (NCT02558387)	Nintedanib 200 mg daily on a continuous schedule until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient withdrawal. Tumor response was assessed every two cycles.	20	-
Raguse et al, 2004 [21]	Docetaxel 100 mg/m² every 3 weeks	4	4
Haddad et al, 2003 [22]	Trastuzumab 4 mg/kg loading dose, 2 mg/kg weekly after that	14	1
Agulnik et al, 2007 [25]	Lapatinib 1,500 mg daily	40	0

Table 2. Various Clinical Trials Conducted in Treating Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland

Author

Regimen

Number of patients

Number of objective responses

VNB: vinorelbine.

Airoldi et al, 2001 [19]

Cisplatin, 80 mg/m² on day 1, plus VNB 25 mg/m², on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks

Gilbert et al, 2006 [20] (NCT01096407)

Paclitaxel 200 mg/m² every 3 weeks

Locati et al, 2016 [23] (NCT01703455)

Sorafenib 400 mg orally every 12 h continuously in 4-week cycle

Kim et al, 2017 [24] (NCT02558387)

Nintedanib 200 mg daily on a continuous schedule until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient withdrawal. Tumor response was assessed every two cycles.

Raguse et al, 2004 [21]

Docetaxel 100 mg/m² every 3 weeks

Haddad et al, 2003 [22]

Trastuzumab 4 mg/kg loading dose, 2 mg/kg weekly after that

Agulnik et al, 2007 [25]

Lapatinib 1,500 mg daily

**Table 3.** Oncogenes and Its Potential Therapeutic Targets in Treating Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Targeted agent	Oncogenes involved in MEC
MEC: mucoepidermoid carcinoma; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: VEGF receptor; FGFR: fibroblast growth factor receptor; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor; HER2/neu: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; erbB-2: receptor tyrosine-protein kinase; TrkB: tropomyosin receptor kinase B; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Sorafenib	VEGF and ANG2
Nintedanib	VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR
Trastuzumab	HER2/neu
Lapatinib	EGFR and erbB2
ANA-12	TrkB and BDNF

Table 3. Oncogenes and Its Potential Therapeutic Targets in Treating Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Targeted agent

Oncogenes involved in MEC

MEC: mucoepidermoid carcinoma; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: VEGF receptor; FGFR: fibroblast growth factor receptor; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor; HER2/neu: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; erbB-2: receptor tyrosine-protein kinase; TrkB: tropomyosin receptor kinase B; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Sorafenib

VEGF and ANG2

Nintedanib

VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR

Trastuzumab

HER2/neu

Lapatinib

EGFR and erbB2

ANA-12

TrkB and BDNF