World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 1, February 2010, pages 19-27

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Clinicopathologic Study

**Table 1.** General Characteristics
Characteristics	N (%)
Age; year, median (range)	50 (24-84)
Menopausal status
premenopause	51 (47.7)
postmenopause	56 (52.3)
Result of surgery
complete surgery	101 (94.4)
incomplete surgery	6 (5.6)
Residual tumor
no residual tumor	56 (52.3)
≤ 2 cm	35 (32.7)
> 2 cm	16 (15.0)
Histology
serous	32 (29.9)
mucinous	25 (23.4)
endometrioid	16 (15.0)
clear cell	14 (13.1)
adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified	12 (11.2)
mixed epithelium	7 (6.5)
adenosquamous	1 (0.9)
Grade
G1	18 (16.9)
G2	35 (32.7)
G3	54 (50.4)
FIGO Staging
stage I	47 (43.9)
stage II	7 (6.5)
stage III	44 (41.1)
stage IV	9 (8.4)
Adjuvant chemotherapy
no adjuvant therapy	19 (17.8)
adjuvant chemotherapy	88 (82.2)
Total	107

Table 1. General Characteristics

Characteristics

N (%)

Age; year, median (range)

50 (24-84)

Menopausal status

premenopause

51 (47.7)

postmenopause

56 (52.3)

Result of surgery

complete surgery

101 (94.4)

incomplete surgery

6 (5.6)

Residual tumor

no residual tumor

56 (52.3)

≤ 2 cm

35 (32.7)

> 2 cm

16 (15.0)

Histology

serous

32 (29.9)

mucinous

25 (23.4)

endometrioid

16 (15.0)

clear cell

14 (13.1)

adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified

12 (11.2)

mixed epithelium

7 (6.5)

adenosquamous

1 (0.9)

Grade

18 (16.9)

35 (32.7)

54 (50.4)

FIGO Staging

stage I

47 (43.9)

stage II

7 (6.5)

stage III

44 (41.1)

stage IV

9 (8.4)

Adjuvant chemotherapy

no adjuvant therapy

19 (17.8)

adjuvant chemotherapy

88 (82.2)

Total

107

**Table 2.** Overall Characteristics of COX-1 and COX-2 Immunostaining
Area of Expression	COX-1 N (%)	COX-2 N (%)
≤ 5%	18 (16.8)	5 (4.7)
6 - 25%	17 (15.9)	3 (2.8)
26 - 50%	14 (13.1)	9 (8.4)
51 - 75%	11 (10.3)	16 (15.0)
≥ 76%	47 (43.9)	74 (69.2)

Table 2. Overall Characteristics of COX-1 and COX-2 Immunostaining

Area of Expression

COX-1
N (%)

COX-2
N (%)

≤ 5%

18 (16.8)

5 (4.7)

6 - 25%

17 (15.9)

3 (2.8)

26 - 50%

14 (13.1)

9 (8.4)

51 - 75%

11 (10.3)

16 (15.0)

≥ 76%

47 (43.9)

74 (69.2)

**Table 3.** Immunohistochemical Staining and Clinical Data Association
Clinical data	N	COX-1 area expression; N (%)	p	COX-2 area expression; N (%)	p
Age
≤ 60 years	79	47 (59.5)	32 (40.5)	0.23	28 (35.4)	51 (64.6)	0.08
> 60 years	28	13 (46.4)	15 (53.6)		5 (17.9)	23 (82.1)
Menopausal status
premenopause	51	28 (54.9)	23 (45.1)	0.82	16 (31.4)	35 (68.6)	0.91
postmenopause	56	32 (57.1)	24 (42.9)		17 (30.4)	39 (69.6)
Residual tumor
no residual tumor	56	31 (55.4)	25 (44.6)	0.87	20 (35.7)	36 (64.3)	0.25
residual tumor	51	29 (56.9)	22 (43.1)		13 (25.5)	38 (74.5)
Histology
mucinous	25	19 (76.0)	6 (24.0)	0.02	14 (56.0)	11 (44.0)	0.002
non-mucinous	82	41 (50.0)	41 (50.0)		19 (23.2)	63 (76.8)
Tumor grade
G1-2	53	31 (58.5)	22 (41.5)	0.62	21 (39.6)	32 (60.4)	0.05
G3	54	29 (53.7)	25 (46.3)		12 (22.2)	42 (77.8)
FIGO Staging
stage 1-2	54	30 (55.6)	24 (44.4)	0.91	20 (37.0)	34 (63.0)	0.16
stage 3-4	53	30 (56.6)	23 (43.4)		13 (24.5)	40 (75.5)
Response to first line	N = 88	n = 48	n = 40		n = 26	n = 62
chemotherapy				0.38			0.01
response	55	32 (58.2)	23 (41.8)		11 (20.0)	44 (80.0)
no response	33	16 (48.5)	17 (51.5)		15 (45.5)	18 (54.5)

Table 3. Immunohistochemical Staining and Clinical Data Association

Clinical data

COX-1 area expression; N (%)

COX-2 area expression; N (%)

≤ 75%
n = 60

> 75%
n = 47

≤ 75%
n = 33

> 75%
n = 74

Age

≤ 60 years

47 (59.5)

32 (40.5)

0.23

28 (35.4)

51 (64.6)

0.08

> 60 years

13 (46.4)

15 (53.6)

5 (17.9)

23 (82.1)

Menopausal status

premenopause

28 (54.9)

23 (45.1)

0.82

16 (31.4)

35 (68.6)

0.91

postmenopause

32 (57.1)

24 (42.9)

17 (30.4)

39 (69.6)

Residual tumor

no residual tumor

31 (55.4)

25 (44.6)

0.87

20 (35.7)

36 (64.3)

0.25

residual tumor

29 (56.9)

22 (43.1)

13 (25.5)

38 (74.5)

Histology

mucinous

19 (76.0)

6 (24.0)

0.02

14 (56.0)

11 (44.0)

0.002

non-mucinous

41 (50.0)

19 (23.2)

63 (76.8)

Tumor grade

G1-2

31 (58.5)

22 (41.5)

0.62

21 (39.6)

32 (60.4)

0.05

29 (53.7)

25 (46.3)

12 (22.2)

42 (77.8)

FIGO Staging

stage 1-2

30 (55.6)

24 (44.4)

0.91

20 (37.0)

34 (63.0)

0.16

stage 3-4

30 (56.6)

23 (43.4)

13 (24.5)

40 (75.5)

Response to first line

N = 88

n = 48

n = 40

n = 26

n = 62

chemotherapy

0.38

0.01

response

32 (58.2)

23 (41.8)

11 (20.0)

44 (80.0)

no response

16 (48.5)

17 (51.5)

15 (45.5)

18 (54.5)

**Table 4.** The Association of Clinicopathological Data and COX Immunostaining With Survival
Clinical data	Multivariate analysis
Age
≤ 60 years	2.29	0.013
> 60 years	(1.19 – 4.39)
Residual disease
no residual	2.93	0.05
residual	(1.00 – 8.62)
Histology
Mucinous	3.68	0.004
Non-mucinous	(1.51 – 8.94)
Tumor grade
Grade 1-2	2.00	0.059
Grade 3	(0.98 – 4.10)
FIGO stage
Stage 1-2	4.17	0.018
Stage 3-4	(1.27 – 13.70)
COX -1 and COX-2 expression
Others group	5.90	< 0.0001
High COX-1 and low COX-2	(2.38 – 14.59)

Table 4. The Association of Clinicopathological Data and COX Immunostaining With Survival

Clinical data

Multivariate analysis

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Age

≤ 60 years

2.29

0.013

> 60 years

(1.19 – 4.39)

Residual disease

no residual

2.93

0.05

residual

(1.00 – 8.62)

Histology

Mucinous

3.68

0.004

Non-mucinous

(1.51 – 8.94)

Tumor grade

Grade 1-2

2.00

0.059

Grade 3

(0.98 – 4.10)

FIGO stage

Stage 1-2

4.17

0.018

Stage 3-4

(1.27 – 13.70)

COX -1 and COX-2 expression

Others group

5.90

< 0.0001

High COX-1 and low COX-2

(2.38 – 14.59)